Comment installer des boîtes électriques : 11 étapes (Guide ultime 2024)

1 juillet 2024

The installation of electrical boxes is a critical step in electrical wiring projects. These boxes serve as enclosures for electrical connections, ensuring safety, organization, and easy access for maintenance. This comprehensive installation guide will cover various types of electrical boxes, including PVC and metal variants, providing step-by-step instructions and best practices for their installation. By following these guidelines, you can ensure a safe and efficient electrical installation.

Overview of PVC Electrical Boxes:

Electrical boxes, also known as junction boxes or enclosures, are essential components of electrical systems. They serve as protective casings for electrical connections, preventing accidental contact, minimizing fire risks, and facilitating maintenance and troubleshooting. Electrical boxes are designed to house various electrical devices such as switches, outlets, circuit breakers, or wire splices.

Definition and Purpose of Electrical Boxes:

An electrical box is a container made of non-conductive or conductive materials, designed to enclose electrical connections securely. Its primary purpose is to protect electrical wiring connections and components from physical damage, environmental hazards, and unauthorized access. Electrical boxes provide a stable platform for mounting electrical devices and ensure compliance with electrical codes and safety regulations.

Importance of Proper Installation:

Proper installation of electrical boxes is of utmost importance for several reasons:

1. Safety:

Adequate installation of electrical boxes minimizes the risk of electrical shocks, short circuits, and fires caused by exposed or improperly connected wires. It provides a secure barrier between live electrical components and the surrounding environment.

2. Organization:

Electrical boxes promote organization by containing wires and components within a designated space. This makes troubleshooting, repairs, and modifications more manageable and minimizes the chances of accidental damage to the electrical system.

3. Compliance with Codes:

Electrical codes and regulations dictate specific requirements for the installation of electrical boxes. Adhering to these codes ensures that the electrical system meets safety standards and is in compliance with local, regional, and national regulations.

Code Requirements and Safety Considerations:

When installing electrical boxes, it is essential to adhere to relevant electrical codes and safety considerations. These may include:

1. Box Size and Capacity:

Electrical codes specify the minimum size and capacity requirements for electrical boxes based on the number and size of wires and devices to be housed inside. Following these requirements prevents overcrowding, reduces heat buildup, and ensures ample space for proper wire connections.

2. Grounding:

Electrical boxes must be properly grounded to establish a safe path for electrical currents and protect against electrical faults. Grounding requirements vary depending on the type of electrical box and the specific application.

3. Box Location and Accessibility:

Electrical codes may dictate the appropriate location and accessibility of electrical boxes. For example, they may require certain clearances from combustible materials or specify the minimum distance between boxes and other components.

4. Box Material:

Electrical boxes are available in various materials such as metal, PVC, or fiberglass. Each material has different properties and may be suitable for specific applications. Codes may specify the approved materials for different environments and electrical conditions.

5. Box Covers:

Installing appropriate box covers is essential to protect the electrical connections from accidental contact, prevent dust or debris accumulation, and comply with safety standards. The type of cover required may vary based on the box type and the specific application.

Common Used PVC Electrical Box Types:

In the installation of electrical systems, many different types of electrical boxes are usually used, but their uses and installation requirements are different. When using them, you must choose the correct type of electrical box and follow the correct installation method. The following are some common types of electrical boxes.

Adaptable Box:

An adaptable box, also known as a utility box or handy box, is a versatile electrical box used for various purposes. It is typically small in size and features multiple knockouts or openings to accommodate different wiring configurations. Adaptable boxes are commonly used for light fixtures, switches, outlets, and low-voltage wiring installations.

Junction Box:

A junction box serves as a central hub for electrical connections. Its primary purpose is to provide a secure enclosure for wire splices or connections, ensuring they are protected and organized. Junction boxes are available in different sizes and configurations, and they are commonly used in residential, commercial, and industrial applications.

Switch Box:

A switch box is specifically designed to house switches. It provides a secure enclosure for the electrical connections associated with the switch, such as wiring and terminals. Switch boxes come in various sizes and configurations to accommodate different types of switches, including single-pole, double-pole, or three-way switches.

Outlet Box:

An outlet box, also known as a receptacle box, is designed to house electrical outlets or receptacles. These boxes provide a safe and protected enclosure for the wiring connections associated with outlets. Outlet boxes come in different sizes and configurations to accommodate various types of outlets, such as standard outlets, GFCI outlets, or USB outlets.

Gang Box:

A gang box, also referred to as a multi-gang box, is a larger electrical box that can accommodate multiple switches or outlets in a single unit. Gang boxes are commonly used in areas where multiple switches or outlets need to be installed together, such as in kitchens or living rooms. They provide a convenient and organized solution for wiring multiple devices in one location.

Ceiling Box:

A ceiling box is specifically designed for electrical connections in ceiling installations. It is commonly used for mounting light fixtures, ceiling fans, or other overhead electrical devices. Ceiling boxes are designed to support the weight of the fixture and provide a secure enclosure for wiring connections.

Floor Box:

A floor box is an electrical box designed for installations in the floor. It provides a convenient and safe solution for power outlets, data ports, or other electrical connections in areas where floor access is required. Floor boxes are commonly used in commercial settings, such as offices, conference rooms, or public spaces.

Electrical Box Installation

Different box types could have different installation steps and requirements, it’s always recommended to consult professional electrician for help. Here are some general installation guidelines you can refer to:

Installation for Adaptable Boxes:

Applications and Suitable Environments:

Commercial Buildings: Adaptable boxes are commonly used in commercial buildings, such as offices, retail stores, or hospitals, to manage electrical connections for lighting systems, power outlets, or data cabling.

Industrial Settings: They find applications in industrial environments, including factories and manufacturing facilities, for organizing electrical connections for machinery, control panels, or motor controls.

Residential Installations: Adaptable boxes can be installed in homes for managing electrical connections in rooms, kitchens, or outdoor areas, providing a flexible solution for future modifications or additions.

How to Install the Adaptable Boxes: 8 Steps

Select the Location: Choose a suitable location for the adaptable box, considering accessibility, cable routing requirements, and compliance with electrical codes and regulations.
Prepare the Mounting Surface: Ensure the mounting surface, such as a wall or ceiling, is sturdy and provides proper support for the box. Make any necessary preparations, such as drilling holes or installing mounting brackets.
Install Cable Entry Glands: Depending on the box design, install cable entry glands or conduits in the appropriate locations to route the cables into the box.
Mount the Box: Attach the adaptable box to the mounting surface using suitable screws or mounting brackets. Ensure it is securely fixed in place.
Connect the Cables: Route the cables through the cable entry points or conduits and make the necessary electrical connections inside the box according to the wiring diagram or project requirements.
Secure and Organize Cables: Use internal cable clamps or cable ties to secure and organize the cables within the box, preventing strain or damage.
Close the Box: Place the box cover over the enclosure and secure it using the provided fasteners or locking mechanisms. Ensure the cover is properly closed and sealed.
Test and Verify: Once the installation is complete, perform testing and verification procedures to ensure proper electrical connections and functionality.

How to Install the Junction Box: 6 Steps

Box Selection: Choose a junction box that suits the specific application. Consider factors such as the size, material (e.g., plastic or metal), and the number of wire connections required. Ensure that the box meets the necessary electrical codes and regulations.
Emplacement: Determine the appropriate location for the junction box. It should be easily accessible for future maintenance and repairs. Follow local electrical codes regarding placement, clearance requirements, and proximity to other objects or materials.
Montage: Securely mount the junction box to a suitable surface, such as a wall or ceiling. Use appropriate hardware, such as screws or anchors, to ensure a secure and stable installation. The box should be flush with the surface and securely attached to prevent movement.
Wiring Connections: Carefully route the electrical wires into the junction box. Strip the insulation from the wires, exposing an appropriate length for connections. Follow proper wire splicing techniques (e.g., using wire nuts) to join the wires securely. Ensure that all connections are properly insulated and protected.
Mise à la terre : If required by electrical codes, ensure proper grounding within the junction box. Connect the ground wires to the designated grounding points within the box, such as grounding screws or terminals. Proper grounding helps protect against electrical faults and ensures safety.
Cover Installation: Once all the wiring connections are made, securely attach the cover plate or lid to the junction box. The cover should be compatible with the box and provide a secure seal. This protects the wires and prevents accidental contact.

11 Steps to Install the Switch, Outlet, and Gang Boxes:

The installation process for switch boxes and outlet boxes has some similarities, but there are also important differences. Here are the combined installation steps for both types.

Turn off the Power: Before starting any electrical work, turn off the power to the circuit where the box will be installed. This can be done by switching off the circuit breaker or removing the corresponding fuse.
Choose the Location: Select a suitable location on the wall or in the ceiling for the box, considering functionality and accessibility. Ensure compliance with electrical codes and regulations.
Mark the Position: Use a pencil or marker to mark the outline of the box on the wall or ceiling. Ensure it is level and aligned properly.
Cut the Opening: Using a utility knife or a drywall saw, carefully cut along the marked outline to create an opening for the box. Take care not to cut any electrical wires behind the wall or ceiling.
Mount the Box:

Switch Box: Insert the switch box into the opening and ensure it fits securely. Attach the box to the wall using screws or nails. Ensure the box is flush with the wall surface.
Outlet Box: Insert the outlet box into the opening and ensure it fits securely. Secure the box to the wall with screws or by using adjustable mounting wings. Ensure the box is flush with the wall surface.
Gang Box: Insert the gang box into the opening and ensure it fits securely. For wall-mounted boxes, secure the box to the wall studs or using adjustable mounting wings. For ceiling-mounted boxes, use appropriate brackets or support systems to secure the box.

Prepare the Wiring: If necessary, strip the insulation from the ends of the electrical wires to expose the conductors for connection. Ensure the wires are long enough to reach the box.
Connect the Wires:

Switch Box: Connect the hot (line) wire and the switched wire to the appropriate terminals on the switch inside the box. Typically, black wires are connected to the brass-colored terminals.
Outlet Box: Connect the hot (line), neutral, and ground wires to the corresponding terminals on the receptacle inside the box. Typically, black wires are connected to the brass-colored terminals, white wires to the silver-colored terminals, and green or bare copper wires to the green grounding screw.
Gang Box: Connect the electrical wires as needed for your specific application. This may involve splicing wires together using wire connectors or making connections to devices or fixtures within the box.

Secure the Devices or Fixtures:

Switch Box: Attach the switch to the switch box by aligning it with the screw holes and tightening the screws. Ensure the switch is securely attached and does not move.
Outlet Box: Attach the receptacle to the outlet box by aligning it with the screw holes and tightening the screws. Ensure the receptacle is securely attached and does not move.
Gang Box: Install devices or fixtures within the gang box according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Use screws or other provided fasteners to secure the devices in place.

Install the Box Cover:

Switch Box: Install a switch plate cover over the switch by aligning it with the screw holes and tightening the screws. Make sure the cover is straight and level.
Outlet Box: Install an outlet plate cover over the receptacle by aligning it with the screw holes and tightening the screws. Make sure the cover is straight and level.
Gang Box: Install an appropriate box cover. This may include a blank cover plate for unused gang boxes or specific covers for devices such as switches or receptacles.

Turn on the Power: Once the box, devices, and wiring connections are securely installed, turn the power back on by switching on the circuit breaker or replacing the fuse.
Test the Connections: Test the switches, outlets, or devices within the boxes to ensure they are functioning properly.

11 Steps to Install the Ceiling Boxes:

Turn off the Power: Prior to beginning any electrical work, turn off the power to the circuit where the ceiling box will be installed. This can be done by switching off the circuit breaker or removing the corresponding fuse.
Choose the Location: Determine the desired location on the ceiling for the box. Consider the type of fixture or device that will be installed and ensure there is proper support in the ceiling structure.
Mark the Position: Use a pencil or marker to mark the outline of the ceiling box on the ceiling surface. Ensure it is centered and aligned properly.
Cut the Opening: Using a stud finder, locate any ceiling joists or structural supports around the marked position. If necessary, use a utility knife or a drywall saw to carefully cut along the marked outline, ensuring that the opening is wide enough to accommodate the size of the ceiling box.
Mount the Box: Insert the ceiling box into the opening and ensure it fits securely. For metal boxes, attach the box to the ceiling joists or supports using screws or nails through the provided mounting holes or brackets. For plastic or PVC boxes, use adjustable mounting brackets or other appropriate methods to secure the box to the ceiling structure.
Prepare the Wiring: If necessary, strip the insulation from the ends of the electrical wires to expose the conductors for connection. Ensure the wires are long enough to reach the ceiling box.
Connect the Wires: Inside the ceiling box, connect the electrical wires as needed for your specific application. This may involve splicing wires together using wire connectors or making connections to the fixture or device that will be installed.
Secure the Fixture or Device: If installing a ceiling light fixture or fan, follow the manufacturer’s instructions for attaching and securing the fixture to the ceiling box. Typically, this involves aligning the fixture’s mounting bracket with the provided screws or mounting holes on the box and tightening them securely.
Install the Box Cover: Once all wiring connections and fixture installations are complete, install the appropriate box cover. This may include a blank cover plate for unused ceiling boxes or specific covers designed for the type of fixture or device installed.
Turn on the Power: Once the ceiling box, wiring connections, and fixture installations are secure, turn the power back on by switching on the circuit breaker or replacing the fuse.
Test the Connections: Test the ceiling fixture or device to ensure it is functioning properly.

How to Install the Floor Box: 5 Steps

The installation process for floor boxes is similar to that of outlet boxes. But there are some differences, here are s few key distinctions:

Montage: Outlet boxes are typically mounted on the surface of a wall, while floor boxes are recessed into the floor. The mounting methods and hardware used will differ between the two. 2. Outlet boxes may be secured to wall studs or other structural supports, while floor boxes often have adjustable brackets or mechanisms to secure them in place within the floor.
Orientation: Outlet boxes are installed vertically on the wall, while floor boxes are installed horizontally within the floor. This difference in orientation affects the wiring connections and the positioning of devices or receptacles.
Accessibilité: Outlet boxes are generally more accessible for installation and maintenance since they are mounted at a convenient height on the wall. Floor boxes, on the other hand, require cutting an opening in the floor and may involve working in a more confined space.
Box Covers: Les couvercles de boîtier utilisés pour les boîtes de sortie et les boîtes de sol sont conçus différemment. Les couvercles de boîtier de sortie peuvent inclure des plaques frontales ou des plaques de recouvrement qui correspondent à la surface du mur environnant. Les couvercles de boîtier de sol sont généralement au ras de la surface du sol lorsqu'ils sont fermés pour offrir une surface de marche sûre et plane.
Considérations relatives au câblage : Bien que les boîtes de sortie et les boîtes de sol nécessitent des connexions de câblage appropriées, les configurations de câblage peuvent varier. Les boîtes de sortie sont principalement utilisées pour les prises et les interrupteurs, tandis que les boîtes de sol peuvent accueillir une plus large gamme d'appareils et de connexions, notamment des prises de courant, des ports de données ou des connexions AV.

N'oubliez pas de suivre les instructions du fabricant et de respecter les codes et réglementations électriques locaux lors de l'installation de ce type de boîtiers. Si vous n'êtes pas sûr ou mal à l'aise avec les travaux électriques, il est recommandé de demander l'aide d'un électricien agréé.

4 facteurs à prendre en compte avant l'installation de boîtiers électriques

En ce qui concerne les facteurs d'installation de ces boîtiers couramment utilisés, plusieurs considérations clés doivent être prises en compte. Voici les principaux facteurs à garder à l'esprit :

▲Fixation aux matériaux de mur/plafond :

Il est essentiel de fixer correctement le boîtier au mur ou au plafond pour garantir la stabilité et la sécurité. Selon le matériau utilisé (cloison sèche, bois ou béton), vous aurez peut-être besoin de matériel spécifique, comme des vis, des ancrages ou des supports, pour garantir une fixation sûre. Suivez les instructions du fabricant et utilisez les outils et techniques appropriés pour fixer le boîtier au matériau spécifique du mur ou du plafond.

▲Sélection et installation des opercules :

Les boîtes de sortie et certaines boîtes de plafond sont dotées de trous défonçables qui permettent l'entrée et la sortie des câbles électriques. Il est important de sélectionner la taille de trou défonçable adaptée aux câbles utilisés et de les installer correctement. Des poinçons ou des pinces peuvent être utilisés pour créer les trous, et les trous défonçables qui ne sont pas utilisés doivent être fermés avec des couvercles ou des bouchons défonçables pour maintenir l'intégrité du boîtier.

▲Cintrage et décharge de traction appropriés des fils :

Lors de l'installation de câbles électriques dans les boîtiers, des techniques de pliage de câbles appropriées doivent être suivies pour éviter d'endommager les câbles et assurer leur propreté. Utilisez des outils de pliage de câbles appropriés, tels que des pinces à dénuder et des pinces, pour façonner les fils et maintenir un espace approprié dans le boîtier. De plus, fournissez une décharge de traction pour les câbles en utilisant des serre-câbles ou des connecteurs pour les fixer au boîtier, évitant ainsi une tension excessive ou une traction sur les fils.

▲Travail avec des ferrures/supports de boîte :

Les raccords et supports de boîtier sont essentiels pour organiser et sécuriser les connexions électriques à l'intérieur du boîtier. Il peut s'agir de connecteurs de câbles, de connecteurs de conduits, de vis de mise à la terre ou de supports de montage. Suivez les instructions du fabricant pour installer et utiliser correctement ces raccords et supports, en vous assurant qu'ils sont compatibles avec le boîtier et qu'ils respectent les codes et réglementations électriques nécessaires.

Directives NEC et d'inspection pour l'installation de boîtes électriques

En ce qui concerne les boîtes de sortie, les boîtes de plafond et les boîtes de sol, etc., le Code national de l'électricité (NEC) fournit des directives et des réglementations pour garantir une installation et une utilisation sûres. Voici quelques points clés concernant le NEC et les directives d'inspection pour ces boîtes :

▲Règles d'emplacement des boîtes :

Le NEC fournit des directives sur le placement et l'emplacement des boîtiers. Par exemple, les boîtiers de sortie doivent être installés à des intervalles appropriés le long des murs, avec des règles spécifiques concernant les distances entre les boîtiers. Les boîtiers de plafond doivent être solidement fixés aux composants structurels et les boîtiers de sol doivent être installés dans des endroits accessibles. Le respect de ces règles permet de garantir des connexions de câblage appropriées et l'accessibilité pour l'entretien et les réparations.

▲Boîtes pour zones dangereuses :

Certains environnements, comme les zones contenant des gaz ou des poussières inflammables, nécessitent une attention particulière pour l'installation des boîtiers. Le NEC fournit des réglementations pour les boîtiers pour emplacements dangereux, y compris les types de boîtiers et les matériaux adaptés à ces environnements. Ces boîtiers doivent être correctement classés et installés conformément à des exigences spécifiques pour atténuer les risques potentiels.

▲Exigences d’inspection :

Les installations électriques, y compris les boîtes de sortie, les boîtes de plafond et les boîtes de sol, sont soumises à une inspection par les autorités électriques locales. Les inspections permettent de garantir la conformité avec le NEC et les codes locaux, en vérifiant que les boîtes sont installées correctement et en toute sécurité. Les inspections peuvent impliquer la vérification de l'emplacement du boîtier, des connexions de câblage, de la mise à la terre, des supports du boîtier et de la conformité générale aux codes et réglementations électriques.

▲ Violations courantes :

Plusieurs infractions courantes liées aux boîtes de sortie, aux boîtes de plafond et aux boîtes de sol peuvent être identifiées lors des inspections. Ces infractions comprennent un support de boîte inapproprié, un espace insuffisant autour de la boîte, une mise à la terre inadéquate, une utilisation incorrecte des entrées défonçables, des calculs de remplissage de boîte incorrects et une mauvaise fixation des câbles. Ces infractions peuvent compromettre la sécurité et la fonctionnalité de l'installation électrique.

Il est essentiel de consulter les directives NEC spécifiques et les codes électriques locaux applicables à votre région pour obtenir des informations détaillées et les exigences concernant ces boîtiers. Le respect de ces directives et réglementations est essentiel pour garantir la sécurité électrique et réussir les inspections. En cas d'incertitude ou de préoccupation, il est conseillé de demander conseil à un électricien agréé ou à l'autorité électrique locale.

Les méthodes d’installation des boîtiers électriques en PVC et en métal sont-elles les mêmes ?

Oui, les méthodes d'installation des boîtiers électriques en PVC (polychlorure de vinyle) et en métal sont généralement les mêmes pour ces types de boîtiers. Les facteurs clés à prendre en compte, tels que les règles d'emplacement des boîtiers, les exigences relatives aux emplacements dangereux, les directives d'inspection et les infractions courantes, s'appliquent aux boîtiers en PVC et en métal.

Les étapes d'installation, les techniques de montage, les connexions de câblage et le respect des codes et réglementations électriques sont similaires pour les deux types de boîtiers. Cependant, il peut y avoir de légères différences dans le matériel ou les outils spécifiques utilisés pour fixer les boîtiers en raison des variations des matériaux.

Pour les boîtes en PVC, des chevilles ou des vis en plastique conçues pour les applications en PVC peuvent être utilisées pour fixer les boîtes au mur, au plafond ou au sol. Les boîtes métalliques, en revanche, peuvent nécessiter différents types de vis, d'ancrages ou de supports adaptés à une installation en métal.

Conclusion

En conclusion, l'installation de boîtes électriques, y compris les boîtes de sortie, les boîtes d'interrupteur, les boîtes adaptables, les boîtes de groupe, les boîtes de plafond et les boîtes de sol, nécessite le respect des meilleures pratiques et la conformité aux codes électriques. En suivant ces directives, la sécurité et la fonctionnalité du système électrique sont assurées.

La conformité aux normes est de la plus haute importance lors de l'installation. Le respect du National Electrical Code (NEC) et des codes électriques locaux garantit que l'installation répond aux normes de sécurité et aux exigences réglementaires nécessaires. Les inspections effectuées par les autorités électriques locales valident davantage la conformité aux normes et contribuent à maintenir la sécurité électrique.

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